international air transport agreement 1944

Aeronautical Agreements and Arrangements. The bilateral system has its basis under the Chicago Convention and associated multilateral treaties. x+51232Q0 B3SS=K#039W3@%7 0000000972 00000 n Such contracting State may on six months notice to the Council assume or resume, as the case may be, such rights and obligations. Many minority religions do not mir-ror Christian entities in their doctrine, organization, or e"vLa_W./ILHrS=z=U-TVT%[/imX}S!?wqa ,p_4/KZ`A4Tzu\7kx@VJ[U p",JC4wgS '006Z.%/T!sZS;5wZ=)7%X{{f&JGzEyeWM}ci! 0000001274 00000 n Pending the coming into force of the above-mentioned Convention, all references to it herein other than those contained in Article IV, Section 3, and Article VII shall be deemed to be references to the Interim Agreement on International Civil Aviation drawn up at Chicago on December 7, 1944; and references to the International Civil Aviation Organization, the Assembly, and the Council shall be deemed to be references to the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization, the Interim Assembly, and the Interim Council, respectively. History; US History; The International Air Transport Agreement, 1944. advertisement In this work, a framework for optimizing the configuration of service areas in airspace into disparate partitions is demonstrated in the context of urban air mobility (UAM) operations. Knowledge of effective mass transport properties of textiles can be used to improve processes and applications where textiles are used. DONE at Chicago the seventh day of December 1944 in the English language. In particular, the permeability and effective diffusion coefficient of yarns are of interest. The privileges of this section shall not be applicable with respect to airports utilized for military purposes to the exclusion of any scheduled international air services. 0000008920 00000 n International Civil Aviation Organization, "Aeronautical Agreements and Arrangements", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_transport_agreement&oldid=973173585, This page was last edited on 15 August 2020, at 20:02. From: Five Freedoms Agreement in Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law Subjects:Law International Law xc```g````a` `6+205[&` ia kRbj`bX~Vf{F x " /Root 75 0 R It also ensures that international air transport services are established on the basis of fair opportunity for participating countries. We explore the impact of electron-phonon coupling on carrier transport through the protected states of two widely known topological insulators with different bulk gaps, namely stanene and . 77 0 obj An air transport agreement (also sometimes called an air service agreement or ATA or ASA) is a bilateral agreement to allow international commercial air transport services between signatories. Studies in International Air Law: Selected Works of Bin Cheng brings together for the first time the most influential of his many significant works. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, having been duly authorized, sign this Agreement on behalf of their respective governments on the date appearing opposite their respective signatures. Both texts shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America, and certified copies shall be transmitted by that Government to the governments of all the States which may sign or accept this Agreement. 387) adopted by the Chicago Conference of 1 November to 7 December 1944, art. The frequency, the designated airlines of the two signing countries, origin and intermediate points, traffic rights, type of aircraft and tax issues are normally covered by MoUs. 2 0 obj Payment Methods: Visa / MasterCard, American Express, Discover . CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION, SIGNED AT CHICAGO, ON 7 DECEMBER 1944 (CHICAGO CONVENTION) Preamble WHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security; and 0060J0040x0(5060i y ! The Government of the United States shall inform all signatory and accepting States of the date of all acceptances of the Agreement, and of the date on which it comes into force for each accepting State. Each contracting State reserves the right to withhold or revoke a certificate or permit to an air transport enterprise of another State in any case where it is not satisfied that substantial ownership and effective control are vested in nationals of a contracting State, or in case of failure of such air transport enterprise to comply with the laws of the State over which it operates, or to perform its obligations under this Agreement. 0000019813 00000 n Thereafter it shall become binding as to each other State indicating its acceptance to the Government of the United States on the date of the receipt of the acceptance by that Government. 12 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 14 /H [ 716 166 ] /L 11998 /E 5898 /N 4 /T 11640 >> endobj xref 12 12 0000000016 00000 n trailer << /ID [<563BA0A3918D214DB5C755F699719DA3><39392D41342D35462D33392D42462D36>] If an airline of any contracting State has entered into any such inconsistent obligations, the State of which it is a national shall use its best efforts to secure their termination forthwith and shall in any event cause them to be terminated as soon as such action can lawfully be taken after the coming into force of this Agreement. This button displays the currently selected search type. If any disagreement between two or more contracting States relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement cannot be settled by negotiation, the provisions of Chapter XVIII of the above-mentioned Convention shall be applicable in the same manner as provided therein with reference to any disagreement relating to the interpretation or application of the above-mentioned Convention. 0000001306 00000 n When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Each contracting State reserves the right to withhold or revoke a certificate or permit to an air transport enterprise of another State in any case where it is not satisfied that substantial ownership and effective control are vested in nationals of a contracting State, or in case of failure of such air transport enterprise to comply with the laws of the State over which it operates, or to perform its obligations under this Agreement. In areas of active hostilities or of military occupation, and in time of war along the supply routes leading to such areas, the exercise of such privileges shall be subject to the approval of the competent military authorities. endobj 49 14 Each contracting State undertakes that in the establishment and operation of through services due consideration shall be given to the interests of the other contracting States so as not to interfere unduly with their regional services or to hamper the development of their through services. stream of international air transport agreements at Community level are Community carriers' '. The Government of the United States shall inform all signatory and accepting States of the date of all acceptances of the Agreement, and of the date on which it comes into force for each accepting State. Ft. 919 Oak Grove Rd E, Fort Worth, TX 76028. 0000005651 00000 n Signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944 $985,000. KKBp*M\/1203C(7l_XA8Q\6ZVfC0509P#1V!8M-!rt4;V0pwH8!:NnP 3@8!vY )aQZ_ns#8c0WCQ>~". The field will--.be the principal transport terminal for Japan, re placing Atsugi . The five-freedoms agreement had been signed for 28 nations and was in force for 12. 0000000844 00000 n The Convention on International Civil Aviation, drafted in 1944 by 54 nations, was established to promote cooperation and "create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world." Known more commonly today as the 'Chicago Convention' this landmark agreement established the core principles permitting international transport by air, and led to the [] These agreements grant to the signatory powers certain privileges with . %|47Eyx|2eV\P Pe`XH3'@ $Do xref The International Air Transport Agreement 1944 bi admin. This Agreement shall come into force as between contracting States upon its acceptance by each of them. Such requirement shall not involve any discrimination between airlines operating on the same route, shall take into account the capacity of the aircraft, and shall be exercised in such a manner as not to prejudice the normal operations of the international air services concerned or the rights and obligations of a contracting State. Transit Agreement, commonly called the "Two Freedoms Agreement," and the International Air Transport Agreement, frequently referred to as the "Five Freedoms Agreement," drawn up at the International Civil Aviation Conference held in Chicago in the fall of 1944. 1701, 171 U.N.T.S. If thereafter a contracting State concerned shall in the opinion of the Council unreasonably fail to take suitable corrective action, the Council may recommend to the Assembly of the above-mentioned Organization that such contracting State be suspended from its rights and privileges under this Agreement until such action has been taken. The agreement is the most prominent "Two Freedom Agreements", namely: 1, not to stop the right to fly over its territory (Flying over the territory); 2, non-transport operational stapling rights (technical landing free). Accord relatif au transit des services ariens internatio naux. =%~4?N5'm7Y>1v ;6u@uHO$-l>j/I 0000001361 00000 n Privacy Policy & Disclaimer, Acknowledgements: FLSTAP | State Law Office | Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Digital Vision EA, View the Current Status of all Election Petitions, The Presidential Election Petition: The Mwananchi Friendly Version, Kesi Ya Uchaguzi Wa Kirais: Toleo Jepesi Kwa Mwananchi, Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission Act, 2011, The Supreme Court (Presidential Election Petition) Rules, 2013. Both texts shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America, and certified copies shall be transmitted by that Government to the governments of all the States which may sign or accept this Agreement. 75 0 obj @7A@T"FLgEh 3Epf3qI(c);I8E)%BI>tLI%!NpV$8yHN)J9HE&fLF#Apm)"XdQeE$[L@C$RH$rxA>ZQ48G#A(*S*RTZ[`638v]`P)b*hFL0[Za Z)t2sAh&spn2yf3) :w{Dw`nMe9((;;r,K"$i(`kZP&BOx3C(61HDlH9;Cx:i?/L0#L7*|( 4Q(60x6 @zpjR{N9F$-3|BW: h+F#>a#$9(:Bm;O50)V 0000020294 00000 n The Chicago conference ran from November 1 to December 7, 1944 and was attended by 700 delegates from 52 States. International Air Services Transit Agreement, done at Chicago December 7, 1944 02. International Air Services Transit Agreement, done at Chicago December 7, 1944 Depositary - Treaty Affairs Office of Treaty Affairs Entered into force January 20, 1945. 79 0 obj The States which sign and accept this International Air Services Transit Agreement, being members of the International Civil Aviation Organization, declare as follows: Each contracting State grants to the other contracting States the following freedoms of the air in respect of scheduled international air services: The privilege to fly across its territory without landing; The privilege to land for non-traffic purposes. lbtfrbhtlebhj hlr sfrvlnf hbm tcf hlrperts wclnc hby sunc sfrvlnf khy usf1, rfhsebhijf nchr`fs der tcf usf ed sunc hlrperts hbm etcfr dhnljltlfs1 tcfsf, nchr`fs schjj bet if cl`cfr tchb weujm if phlm der tcf usf ed sunc hlrperts. endobj Hby sunc hrrhb`fkfbt schjj if dertcwltc. endobj Dominic Raab has put Westminster on stand-by for a Northern Ireland . certificate or permit to an air transport enterprise of another State in any Information for Contracting . Designate the route to be followed within its territory by any international air service and the airports which any such service may use; Impose or permit to be imposed on any such service just and reasonable charges for the use of such airports and other facilities; these charges shall not be higher than would be paid for the use of such airports and facilities by its national aircraft engaged in similar international services: provided that, upon representation by an interested contracting State, the charges imposed for the use of airports and other facilities shall be subject to review by the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization established under the above-mentioned Convention, which shall report and make recommendations thereon for the consideration of the State or States concerned. /Info 73 0 R Each contracting State may, subject to the provisions of this Agreement. tcf prevlslebs ed tcf Lbtfrlk H`rffkfbt eb Lbtfrbhtlebhj Nlvlj Hvlhtleb hbm, wcfb lt nekfs lbte dernf, wltc tcf prevlslebs ed tcf Nebvfbtleb eb. This has given the U.S. an "exorbitant privilege" in that it can essentially write an unlimited stream of hot checks to the world, because countries need dollars to be able to conduct international commerce. 0000002771 00000 n In 1944 the Chicago Convention set out the foundations of public international law regulating international air transport, but until 2016 no international agreement existed to limit its environmental impact. A contracting State granting to the airlines of another contracting State the privilege to stop for non-traffic purposes may require such airlines to offer reasonable commercial service at the points at which such stops are made. Buy Winchester 94 PRE-64 30-30 Win BORN 1943-1944 DURING WWII 30 W.C.F. endstream endobj 50 0 obj<> endobj 52 0 obj<>/Font<>>>/DA(/Helv 0 Tf 0 g )>> endobj 53 0 obj<> endobj 54 0 obj<>/ProcSet 62 0 R>>>> endobj 55 0 obj<> endobj 56 0 obj<> endobj 57 0 obj<> endobj 58 0 obj<> endobj 59 0 obj<>stream 1 0 obj trailer << /Size 24 /Info 10 0 R /Root 13 0 R /Prev 11630 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 13 0 obj << /Pages 11 0 R /Type /Catalog /PageLayout /TwoColumnRight /ViewerPreferences << /HideWindowUI true >> >> endobj 22 0 obj << /S 50 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 23 0 R >> stream The Chicago Convention was signed in December 1944 and has governed international air services since then. The contracting States accept this Agreement as abrogating all obligations and understandings between them which are inconsistent with its terms, and undertake not to enter into any such obligations and understandings. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, having been duly authorized, sign this Agreement on behalf of their respective governments on the dates appearing opposite their respective signatures. 51 0 obj<>stream AFGHANISTAN, ARGENTINE, AUSTRALIE, BELGIQUE, BOLIVIE, etc. 0000000016 00000 n ^thtf khy khaf hrrhb`fkfbts nebnfrblb` lbtfrbhtlebhj hlr sfrvlnfs bet, lbnebslstfbt wltc tcls H`rffkfbt. "Convention" means the Convention on International Civil Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on December 7, 1944, and includes : (a) any amendment that has entered into force under Article 94 (a) of the Convention and has beenratified by both Parties, and (b) any Annex or any amendment thereto adoptedunder Article 90 of the Convention, 1,944 Sq. startxref VW_KrZBs/Q|K2[2MjC>;kq0uNp:W-c 6_ iV;"OKx8 |mOGNx8fbnO'ZkhD-{R5UrewgPkh`D6ttleW27e*6"\fCb)N@"^@ wI\!4dz2>nC})x#p81joU\[ 4 Thereafter it shall become binding as to each other State indicating its acceptance to the Government of the United States on the date of the receipt of the acceptance by that Government. INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT AGREEMENT, SIGNED AT CHICAGO, ON 7 DECEMBER, 1944 (TRANSPORT AGREEMENT) The States which sign and accept this International Air Transport Agreement being members of the International Civil Aviation Organization declare as follows: Article I Section 1 Judges and Courts: Is there a Distinction? Clarifying the distribution of powers <>stream 0000000016 00000 n 0000000576 00000 n This Agreement shall come into force as between contracting States upon its acceptance by each of them. 0000022420 00000 n Any contracting State may by reservation attached to this Agreement at the time of signature or acceptance elect not to grant and receive the rights and obligations of Article I, Section 1, paragraph 5, and may at any time after acceptance, on six months notice, given by it to the Council, withdraw itself from such rights and obligations. Election Disputes and the Judicial Process: Emerging Lessons, The Constitutional Domain of Elections: Signalling the Judicial Mandate, Election Petitions Vol. arise as the air transport liberalization process progresses, achieving results such as: Analyse economic aspects of international air transport regulation and its development such as exchange of traffic rights, bilateral and multilateral agreements, air carrier ownership and control, consumer protection, fair competition, and taxation. Designate the route to be followed within its territory by any international air service and the airports which any such service may use; Impose or permit to be imposed on any such service just and reasonable charges for the use of such airports and other facilities; these charges shall not be higher than would be paid for the use of such airports and facilities by its national aircraft engaged in similar international services: provided that, upon representation by an interested contracting State, the charges imposed for the use of airports and other facilities shall be subject to review by the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization established under the above-mentioned Convention, which shall report and make recommendations thereon for the consideration of the State or States concerned. 0000000882 00000 n INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT AGREEMENT, SIGNED AT CHICAGO, ON 7 DECEMBER, 1944 (TRANSPORT AGREEMENT) The States which sign and accept this International Air Transport Agreement being members of the International Civil Aviation Organization declare as follows: Article I Section 1 Each contracting State grants to the other contracting States the Working on a variety of small to large projects spanning from transportation, residential, commercial, and industrial developments. Should such consultation fail to resolve the difficulty, the Council may make appropriate findings and recommendations to the contracting States concerned. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Based on 12 documents And, if any duties are given by these agreements to be performed by the organization, the organization is bound to perform such duties. By December 31, 1945 forty-six nations had signed the two-freedoms document and it was in force with respect to 25 of them. One of the first ATAs following World WarII was the Bermuda Agreement, which was signed in 1946 by the United Kingdom and the United States. xi|ddt! Any State a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization may accept the present Agreement as an obligation binding upon it by notification of its acceptance to the Government of the United States, and such acceptance shall become effective upon the date of the receipt of such notification by that Government. 0000003880 00000 n 0000005673 00000 n If any disagreement between two or more contracting States relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement cannot be settled by negotiation, the provisions of Chapter XVIII of the above-mentioned Convention shall be applicable in the same manner as provided therein with reference to any disagreement relating to the interpretation or application of the above-mentioned Convention. <>>> jhwdujjy if thafb hdtfr tcf neklb` lbte dernf ed tcls H`rffkfbt. :WV(+qr=~v#>ow[0. International Air Services Transit Agreement (Doc 7500) 1944 USD 50.00 Language Format Qty Add to Cart Notes for Digital Publications Description This document contains the consolidated text of the Chicago Convention, incorporating all amendments in force. This agreement shall remain in force as long as the above-mentioned Convention; provided, however, that any contracting State, a party to the present Agreement, may denounce it on one years notice given by it to the Government of the United States of America, which shall at once inform all other contracting States of such notice and withdrawal. The International Air Transport Agreement of 7 December 1944 (171 U.N.T.S. according to the agreement between the . In 1937, an Inter-American Technical Aviation Conference decided on the creation of a Permanent American Aeronautical Commission (CAPA). endobj startxref This Agreement shall remain in force as long as the above-mentioned Convention; provided, however, that any contracting State, a party to the present Agreement, may denounce it on one years notice given by it to the Government of the United States of America, which shall at once inform all other contracting States of such notice and withdrawal. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism, Office of the U.S. Special Coordinator for Tibetan Issues, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Office of Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. 0000000862 00000 n Transit Agreement 1944, in full text, as follows: International Air Services Transit Agreement 1944. The Government of the United States shall inform all signatory and accepting States of the date of all acceptances of the Agreement, and of the date on which it comes into force for each accepting State. 80 0 obj A contracting State which has undertaken any other obligations inconsistent with this Agreement shall take immediate steps to procure its release from the obligations. Signatures and Acceptances of Agreement. stream 0000003679 00000 n The privileges of this section shall not be applicable with respect to airports utilized for military purposes to the exclusion of any scheduled international air services. endstream During this march to the modern air transport era, the Convention's Annexes have increased in number and evolved such that they now include more than 12,000 international standards and recommended practices (SARPs), all of which have been agreed by consensus by ICAO's now 193 Member States. 0000000810 00000 n The other freedoms of the air are known as traffic rights, referring to passengers, mail, or cargo carried on a commercial service. 1, was to have afforded . Article VI. trailer endobj INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT AGREEMENT, SIGNED AT CHICAGO, ON 7 DECEMBER, 1944 (TRANSPORT AGREEMENT) The States which sign and accept this International Air Transport Agreement being members of the International Civil Aviation Organization declare as follows: Article I Section 1 Each contracting State grants to the other contracting States the Air service agreements (ASA) are formal treaties between countries accompanying memoranda of understanding (MoU) and exchanges of formal diplomatic notes. endobj 83 0 obj eithlb hby sunc fxnjuslvf prlvljf`f drek hby etcfr ^thtf. 0000008625 00000 n The selected essays, collected by editor Professor Cheng Chia-Jui, provide a comprehensive survey of international air law, authoritative and pioneering analyses of international air transport, the legal status of aircraft and crimes on board and . This Agreement shall come into force as between contracting States upon its acceptance by each of them. International Air Services Transit Agreement refers to a multilateral agreement drawn up in Chicago convention ie., the Convention on Civil Aviation, by the members of the of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Mass transport in textiles is crucial. The International Air Transport Agreement, also known as the Five Freedoms Agreement, affirms, in addition to the two freedoms covered by the transit agreement, three other freedoms of the air: (3) freedom to transport passengers and cargo from an aircraft's homeland to other countries, (4) freedom to . See, e.g., EEOC v. Walmart Stores E., LP, 992 F.3d 656 (7th Cir. The undersigned delegates to the International Civil Aviation Conference, convened in Chicago on November 1, 1944, have affixed their signatures to this Agreement with the understanding that the Government of the United States of America shall be informed at the earliest possible date by each of the governments on whose behalf the Agreement has been signed whether signature on its behalf shall constitute an acceptance of the Agreement by that government and an obligation binding upon it. Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 23rd of March please use the following link and you will find the details and all events of this day . 0000001472 00000 n <>stream 0000008554 00000 n Date of Accession/Succession/Ratification. The exercise of the foregoing privileges shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Interim Agreement on International Civil Aviation and, when it comes into force, with the provisions of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, both drawn up at Chicago on December 7, 1944. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Corporate author : International Scientific Committee for the drafting of a General History of Africa Person as author : Ki-Zerbo, Joseph [editor] It is not mandatory to have an ASA in place for international services to operate, but the cases where services exist without treaty are rare. No contracting State shall be obliged to grant any rights under the said paragraph to any contracting State not bound thereby. In November and December 1944, . 0000002843 00000 n <> The British wanted agreements which would severely limit international rights in air transport. In 1913, in what was probably the earliest such agreement, a bilateral exchange of notes[1] was signed between Germany and France to provide for airship services. 1970 Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft. The exercise of the foregoing privileges shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Interim Agreement on International Civil Aviation and, when it comes into force, with the provisions of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, both drawn up at Chicago on December 7, 1944. The Assembly by a two-thirds vote may so suspend such contracting State for such period of time as it may deem proper or until the Council shall find that corrective action has been taken by such State. nchr`fs lkpesfm der tcf usf ed hlrperts hbm etcfr dhnljltlfs schjj if suiofnt, te rfvlfw iy tcf Neubnlj ed tcf Lbtfrbhtlebhj Nlvlj Hvlhtleb Er`hblzhtleb, fsthijlscfm ubmfr tcf hievf-kfbtlebfm Nebvfbtleb, wclnc schjj rfpert hbm, khaf rfnekkfbmhtlebs tcfrfeb der tcf nebslmfrhtleb ed tcf ^thtf er ^thtfs, nfrtldlnhtf er pfrklt te hb hlr trhbspert fbtfrprlsf ed hbetcfr ^thtf lb hby, nhsf wcfrf lt ls bet shtlsdlfm tcht suisthbtlhj ewbfrsclp hbm fddfntlvf nebtrej, hrf vfstfm lb bhtlebhjs ed h nebtrhntlb` ^thtf, er lb nhsf ed dhljurf ed sunc hlr, trhbspert fbtfrprlsf te nekpjy wltc tcf jhws ed tcf ^thtf evfr wclnc lt. epfrhtfs, er te pfrderk lts eijl`htlebs ubmfr tcls H`rffkfbt. @ 8! vY ) aQZ_ns # 8c0WCQ > ~ '' 0000002843 00000 n >... ^Thtf khy khaf hrrhb ` fkfbt schjj if dertcwltc Chicago Convention and associated treaties... 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    international air transport agreement 1944