Donald Ewen Cameron 24 December 1901 - 8 September 1967)[1] was a Scottish-born psychiatrist. Alison Steel says her mother was never the same after undergoing. After he left, his position as chair of the department of psychiatry was handed to Robert Cleghorn. Amory: In the Lake Placid community where Dr. Camerons family spent the bulk of their summers, his sudden death from a heart attack while hiking was big news. Lloyd Schrier, son of Cameron patient Esther Schrier, told the CBC, "Oh, 'He was God-like,' they would say." Amory: Duncan knows how to be very careful about what he says. [clarification needed] Those Germans affected by the events that led to World War II were of utmost concern. But we do have his son, Duncan Cameron. You can see out a window. Ben: Her dad couldnt afford childcare, so soon after Marians mother went into the Allan, social services took Marian and her two younger brothers away because there was no parent to take care of them. In 1938 he received his diploma in psychiatry and became professor of neurology, psychiatry at University at . For instance, he was careful to say he didnt know anything about his dads treatment regimen at the Allan, which may very well be true. Skip Ancestry . Indian River. On March 10, Cameron's notes read: "She is disoriented as to time only and is probably in her second stage of depatterning. Anyone with any appreciation of the complexity of the human mind would not expect that you could erase an adult mind and then add things back with this stupid psychic driving. According to Cameron's psychiatric analysis of the German people, they were not suitable to have children or hold positions of authority because of a genetic tendency to organize society in a way that fostered fearsome aggression and would lead to war rather than peace; he would repeatedly use the German as the archetypal character structure on which to ground the most psychologically deviant humans. Amory: Duncan has a very different picture of his father, a whole bunch of them actually. The legacy can be seen in the torture techniques employed in Northern Ireland and in Guantanamo Bay. It describes various personalities that he believed were of marked danger to all members of society. You can see other fellow humans. Ben: He looks like hes having a good time. And one of these risks was the treatment that he was using. So we don't have. Amory: Duncan, one of the two lawyer sons, admits hes familiar with those 12 boxes of papers, and then explains what happened to them. [citation needed] He furthermore wanted to understand the problems of memory caused by aging, believing that the aged brain experienced psychosis. [citation needed]. . sister. His theories of behavior stressed the unity of the organism with the environment; the book also outlined experimental method and research design. Agnes was born in 1844, in Richmond Victoria Australia. In 1946, Cameron introduced the practice of the day hospital, the first of its kind in North America, permitting patients to remain at home while receiving treatment at the institute during the day, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization and allowing the patients to maintain ties with their community and family. For Cameron, the traits were contagions and anyone affected by the societal, cultural or personality forms would themselves be infected. [citation needed]; if the greater population of Germany saw the atrocities of World War II, they would surely submit to a re-organized system of justice. It is a rare thing that a psychiatrist of his worldwide reputation and capacity should be a resource available to a small mountain community. Sarah Anne Johnson: I imagine this is very difficult for his family. He first solved the problem by wiring the speakers into football helmets and locking them onto patients' heads, but that ended up being not ideal. Velma Orlikow, for instance, was dealing with postpartum depression. Amory: Sarah Anne Johnson, whose grandmother Val Orlikow was a patient of Ewen Camerons, has a response to Duncan that, considering what her family has been through as a result of his fathers experimentation, is surprising. At the heart of MKUltra, says The Guardian, was the broadcasting of videos of American POWs from the Korean War condemning their own country and lauding the benefits of Communism. Once it was down to an exact science the precise number of hours in a coma, the number and duration of electroshock treatments, the exact dosages of drugs he believed that curing mental illness could be as simple as admitting a patient, putting them through the program, and spitting out a brand new, problem-free person on the other side. Esther Schrier who was a nurse at Montreal's Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first child at just three weeks of age. There is no such thing as closure. He had a Mercedes. She's the exception, though, and the CBC says that 2020 saw others like Lana Ponting, who was just 16 when she was sent to the sleep room hoping that year, it would finally be their year, thanks to a class action lawsuit filed in 2019. Her life was sad. In 1926, he served as assistant medical officer there[9] and was introduced to psychiatrist Sir David Henderson, a student of Swiss-born US psychiatrist Adolf Meyer. The idea was to first "depattern" the person in question. Cameron began to abandon the Freudian unconscious in favour of a social constructivist's view of mental illness. The paper stated that German culture and its people would have offspring bound to become a threat to world peace in 30 years. Harvey: Here he is trying to reach the peak, trying to climb the mountain, reach this goal. Ben: After Marians mom left the Allan, she struggled for the rest of her life to regain her sense of self and mental clarity. Cameron believed that mental illness was literally contagious that if one came into contact with someone with mental illness, one would begin to produce the symptoms of a mental disease. On March 12, her records show she was considered "depatterned": She could no longer stand, speak, could barely swallow, was incontinent, and required treatment by an obstetrician for severe bleeding. It is true. He was always interested in the future. Sign up and be the first to find out the latest news and articles about what's going on in the medical field. Or answer questions about his motivations, whether or not he knew he was part of the CIAs mind control efforts. When it came time to evaluate Nazi leaders ahead of the Nuremberg Trials, he was one of a group of internationally renowned mental health professionals who were sent to decide just what was going on in the heads of some of the worst war criminals the world had ever seen. The title is The Understanding Man. Lake Placid in particular, and the northern Adirondacks in general, have lost suddenly, tragically, but in a sense, beautifully, probably their most distinguished citizen. Ewen Donald Cameron. There is no incontinence, there is no mutism, and we are continuing this intense treatment of her until we get complete depatterning.". . Cregg: What do you know about mind-control experiments? Amory: Eventually though, it wasnt just Camerons successor who was calling him out. Hebb who did pay the students for their participation basically put them in a room for 24 hours, in a set-up that deprived them of all sensory input. And, until theres true accountability for what happened and what is still happening, it never will be. In 1933, he married Jean C. Rankine, whom he had met while they were students at the University of Glasgow. Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, 17t. Duncan: Not really, I certainly don't know anything about the treatments he was using, I didnt know anything about that. Amory: The answer might be in the idea of brainwashing itself. And he was a fast driver. Ben: Over and over, weve heard from victims of Dr. Ewen Camerons brutal experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute. Cameron focused primarily on biological descriptive psychiatry and applied the British and European schools and models of the practice. [1] In papers published during this time he linked RNA to memory. ", "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,". So you can see that the work of Ewen Cameron, filtered through Gottlieb, definitely informs the interrogation techniques, if we want to call them that, that the United States has been using on its prisoners in Guantanamo and in black sites around the world. While guys like Freud encouraged talking through problems, Cameron thought things like electroshock therapy and drug cocktails could be used to physically change the brain and get rid of the illness in question. Duncan: You see, he doesn't have a scowl. Birthdate: June 04, 1906. Case of Gail Kastner: The shock treatment turned the then 19 year old honours student into a woman who sucked her thumb, talked like a baby, demanded to be fed from a bottle and urinated on the floor. At that point her affluent family abandoned her and she lived in poverty. music, sound effects, tone) are harder to translate to text. Amory: This is a hard reality for the family that Ewen Cameron left behind. This personality type poses a danger to those closest to them, especially children. The CBC says the CIA recruited Dr. Ewen Cameron a few years into MKUltra, using the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology to approach Cameron and tell him that he really, really needed to apply for one of their grants. Family 9 - Donald CAMERON 34, wife Agnes 30, children John 18, Margaret 13, Ann 12, Donald 10, Christian 8, Alexander 6, Dugald 2, Duncan 1/2 (see Donald Cameron) Family 10 - Duncan CAMERON 30 unmarried, sister Mrs McLENNAN 28 and Catherine McLENNAN 5 This is Part 5. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota, USA, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. He studied Medicine at the University of Glasgow and obtained his degree in 1924. . Amory: But even on their long drives from Montreal to upstate New York, Duncan says his dad never really talked about work. As for the ongoing lawsuits, some of the plaintiffs have actually contacted Duncan wondering if hed be willing to support their efforts. You know, my job was to look out for the cops. And I recall going through them and *taking out* several papers that appeared to me to be identified or could be identified as dealing with a particular patient. I'm sure that they loved him very much and knew him in a very different way. "[35] She then cites Alfred W. McCoy: "Stripped of its bizarre excesses, Cameron's experiments, building upon Donald O. Hebb's earlier breakthrough, laid the scientific foundation for the CIA's two-stage psychological torture method. Patients were tested in the Radio Telemetry Laboratory, which was built under Cameron's direction. Two of my sons are lawyers and they say it isnt a good idea.. And you can get a real sense of your own, where you are in the world. ", Why MKUltra's Top Brainwashing Scientist Was A Real-Life Nightmare, "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron. Because it would seem to me, or I was concerned as a lawyer, that it might be a breach of the patient-doctor privilege. memorial page for Donald Ewen Cameron (1852-5 Feb 1892), Find a Grave Memorial ID 170055188, citing Cameron Cemetery, Indian River . Cameron would analyze what conditions produced the stronger worker, what would be the necessary conditions to replicate this personality and to reward the stronger while disciplining the weaker. Photo by Courtesy of Julie Tanny For the first four years of Julie Tanny's. In 1928, Cameron left Baltimore for the Burghlzli, the psychiatric hospital of the University of Zurich, in Switzerland, where he studied under Hans W. Maier, the successor of Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who had significantly influenced psychiatric thinking. And so even all these years later, it's part of my life. Cameron began to develop broader theories of society, new concepts of human relations to replace concepts he deemed dangerous and outdated. Amory: Duncan struggles dealing with his dads legacy because he cant speak to why his dad did what he did. Canada's McGill University has owned up to the part it played in MKUltra's Sub-project 68, and they say that it really started before Dr. Ewen Cameron even got involved. And it's still hugely controversial: In 2019, The New York Times published drawings done by prisoners who had been subjected to these torture methods at Guantanamo Bay, and it's not for the faint of heart. Hij is overleden in het jaar 2010 in Near Toulon, France. Amory: What we know of Camerons work comes from family accounts like Marian's, a few hard-won medical documents, and detailed descriptions of his techniques from his own journal articles and speeches. This must be very difficult, very complicated for them. [15], Before his arrival in Nuremberg, Cameron had written The Social Reorganization of Germany, in which he argued that German culture and its individual citizens would have to be transformed and reorganized. The second part of the technique was inspired by something called the Cerebrophone, which was essentially a "learn-while-you-sleep" recording device. His brutal techniques involved a three-stage method for brainwashing in order to eliminate the will and establish control: first, mental depatterning achieved through drug-induced coma; massive neuroleptic drug cocktails induced extended sleep lasting up to eighty-six days. His list of credentials was so long it's impossible to list them all, but for starters, his resume included the University of Glasgow and Johns Hopkins, and in the 1930s, he was lauded for setting up a series of psychiatric clinics. Jean spent three months under Cameron's care, and spent two periods in a drug-induced coma. And here I am looking much younger than I am now. "He was this miracle psychiatrist," she said. He is largely known today for his central role in unethical medical experiments, and development of psychological and medical torture techniques for the CIA. And how his work lives on. from the University of London in 1925, and an M.D. Like Freud, Cameron maintained that the family was the nucleus of social behavior and anxieties later in life were spawned during childhood. Cleghorn immediately went and took a long, hard look at what Cameron had actually been doing in his little corner of the university, and he was pretty shocked. Marian Cameron. Duncan: I think the furthest I got was to his office. Some would bang their heads against the walls relentlessly, trying to get the helmets off and that's when he realized he could just put them back into a medically-induced coma and play the tapes for as long as he wanted. These experiments were typically carried out on patients who had entered the Institute for minor problems such as anxiety disorders and postnatal depression; many were permanently debilitated after these treatments. Cameron never got his Nobel Prize in fact, he died not long after leaving Allan Memorial Institute. Any documents that related to patient treatment were destroyed? Ben: Perhapsthis is Dr. Cameron's most enduring legacy. with distinction from the University of Glasgow in 1936. And the funeral was yet another opportunity for Marian and her siblings to learn more about the mother who had been absent for so much of their childhoods. In other words, torture. Which suggests it was for purposes of, not closure, but of not wanting information to come to light that was in the papers. Lloyd has continued to fight for recognition, recompense, and an apology. Cameron decided that Germans would be most likely to commit atrocities due to their historical, biological, racial and cultural past and their particular psychological nature. Ben: So its fitting that, today, most of what people hear about the CIAs search for mind control also seems to come from fantasy and popular fiction. Their diagnosis was amnesia and hysteria, per a short commentary in the Journal of the American Medical Association. It's safe to say that the exact opposite happened. Alison believes those random phrases her mother would sometimes say were from the recordings that she'd been forced to listen to for hours. These became the basis of a new social and behavioural science that he would later institute through his presidencies of the Canadian, American and World Psychiatric Associations, the American Psychopathological Association and the Society of Biological Psychiatry. Finally, while the person is in isolated confinement, in LSD altered states of consciousness, and deprived of sensory stimulation, adequate food, water, and oxygen, the subject would be bombarded by psychic driving by use of a football helmet clamped to the head with taped messages played for hours non-stop up to a half-million times, messages such as my mother hates me. (McCoy, 2007). About 55 families of victims who underwent medical experimentation in the 1950s and 1960s are suing for millions of dollars. There are movies like Gaslight and Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Cameron's work stopped when she gave birth, and Lloyd remembered a broken mother. [citation needed] Characteristics were thus diagnosed as syndromes emerging from the brain. Ben: But do you even though you had nothing to do with it do you have any feelings of sadness about those folks and what they've gone through? Typically, I would show up there and, if it was a Friday, ask if I could have a lift down to Lake Placid. Do you remember that? And I think you have, as much as love that you had for him you also had respect for him. Duncan: Well, I didnt destroy the documents. Ben: Would you have anything that you would want to say to Dr. Cameron or his family? And I think it affected a lot more people than anybody even realizes today. Ben: Jims right. Amory: Just not in the way he might have hoped. Duncan: He loved hiking. Did he ever talk about that? He didn't pull punches, saying, "We hanged Nazis for doing the sort of things Cameron did.". David Cameron's grandfather Ewen Donald Cameron (1906-1958) was a City of London figure who became a director at the stock brokerage house Panmure Gordon. [6] Decades after his own death, the psychic driving technique he developed continued to see extensive use in the torture of prisoners around the world. She said that at the time, Cameron was something of a celebrity. Not all the time, but it's always there. . [14] Hess later confessed that he had faked the amnesia. They had four children; a daughter and three sons. Ben: But some key documentation of Camerons time at the Allan is straight up missing. Kinzer: If Cameron had failed to find an effective means of mind control despite carrying out the most reckless experiments, in which he was willing to take any kind of a grotesque step in an effort to find that key, this must have helped feed Gottlieb's conclusion that the whole thing didn't exist. The last generation of Holocaust survivors and their children express their concerns about current events A Five-Part, FDA Advisory Panel & CDC Director are Complicit in Sacrificing Childrens Lives to Protect Pfizer from Liability, Copyright 2023 Alliance for Human Research Protection, 1950s1960s: Dr. Ewen Cameron Destroyed Minds at Allan Memorial Hospital in Montreal, Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases, Vera Sharavs documentary Never Again is Now Global now available. Cleghorn immediately ended Camerons program. [citation needed]. Duncan: Thats my recollection, that any documents that related to patients were destroyed. In 1984, New Scientist reported on a lawsuit filed on behalf of some of the people who ended up a part of MKUltra's Sub-project 68. Those were right out. There must have been records of experiments. Don't worry, it gets worse. And he was always very fascinated by what the future held for us all. "[36], Cameron is the subject of Stephen Bennett's film Eminent Monsters (2020), which was funded by BBC Scotland and Creative Scotland. Cameron used his ideas to implement policies on who should govern and parent in society. Part of Camerons plan for his patients was to wipe their minds clean, to make them forget their past, so they could move forward. Both of her brothers were heavily into drugs by the age of 10 and dealt with serious mental illness throughout their lives. He received an M.B., Ch.B. In 2020, director Stephen Bennett released "Eminent Monsters," a film that examined the link between Cameron's work and the torture techniques used by organizations around the world, including the CIA. His successor at Allan, Robert Cleghorn, would later write (via "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,""Cameron's controversial practices [are] now thoroughly discredited." (Beyond Nuremburg, ABA Journal March 1997; News accounts of five legal cases at: The Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases). Therefore, society should function to select out the weak and unwanted, those apt towards fearsome aggression that threatened society. (McCoy, 2007) Indeed, Hebb and Camerons contribution as pioneers who designed the psychological paradigm for torture used by the CIA was acknowledged by The McGill Daily, in 2012. Cameron stayed there for seven years and was made physician-in-charge of the Reception Unit of the Provincial Mental Hospital. father. Harvey Weinstein: Complicated question, we all have motivations for the things that we do. The Canadian government also funded the project. So we dont have access to Cameron's thoughts on his own legacy. Cameron believed firmly in clinical psychiatry and a strict scientific method. Duncan: I started work at the State Department just a day or so before Kennedy was assassinated. [citation needed][21]. And he was searching for ways of doing something about them. I'm sure part of him very much wanted to be the person who cures mental illness. Heres John Marks again. Not only was Ewen Cameron running the Allan Memorial, but he was leading psychiatric organizations, he was teaching at McGill University, and he was still seeing private patients. In 1943, Cameron was invited to McGill University in Montreal by neurosurgeon Dr Wilder Penfield. The lawsuits were dismissed, even though it was later shown there were a higher-than-usual number of people diagnosed with schizophrenia, presumably to increase Cameron's subject pool. The U.S. wanted to know just how such a thing could possibly happen, and Dr. Ewen Cameron had a theory: brainwashing. Ben: Which brings us back to a question that no one can answer why did Dr. Cameron do what he did? In the final installment ofMadness," we sit down with Duncan, and we explore the shocking ways his father's methods are still being used today. His focus on children included the rights to protection against outmoded, doctrinaire tactics, and the necessity for the implantation of taboos and inhibitions from their parents. One of the weirdest chapters in U.S. history was approved on April 13, 1953, and any time anyone says anything about "the good ol' days," when things were just better, simpler, and kinder, well, point to MKUltra and say, "Check out this madness!" His support of Charles Edward Stuart was instrumental in the Jacobite Rising of 1745 Lochiel and the Jacobite cause Dr. Ewen Cameron was an undeniably fascinating figure, and as horrible as his experiments were, the way people continued to talk about him was even more telling. In his analysis, culture and society played a crucial role in the ability for one to function according to the demands necessary for human survival. But none of us trained in psychiatry. To prevent this, the West would have to take measures to reorganize German society. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, the oldest son of a Presbyterian minister. Marian: It's become so embedded in our narrative, in our pop culture, without people really understanding that it happened It was real. . Hebb submitted his findings to the CIA, and it ended up being just the beginning. [citation needed]. He died three years later. Ben: The manual was all about how to obtain information from quote resistant sources. It went on to become the basis for the Phoenix Program during the Vietnam War. It was a heart attack and was very sudden. His response? My recollection was that I wasn't able to provide him with much information that he didn't already have. Please note . Duncan: I mean, it's very different than the caricature that you sometimes read in the press. Duncan: And I've said Im unable to do that. In other words, they really must have seen that there was something wrong and crazy. Were they *destroyed* or did you just take the patients name out? Duncan: No, he had some peculiar hobb-- he loved science fiction. The idea was turning the mind into a fresh slate for the next part of the process, called "psychic driving.". Duncan: It's really a very moving editorial. Husband of Marielene Schlumberger. They stressed how they'd been unwilling participants, and that they'd gone to the institute for other issues. He never got one. The program is widely believed to have been partly funded by the United States Central Intelligence Agency as part of their top-secret MKULTRA program. [26] His "psychic driving" experiments consisted of putting a subject into a drug-induced coma for weeks at a time (up to three months in one case) while playing tape loops of noise or simple statements. In addition to LSD, he experimented with various paralytic drugs such as curare and electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power. Amory: Hey, Dad, let's get out of here!, Duncan: I can remember doing that several times. "A number of experiments at McGill University.". Advertisement. 3.99 He began to develop the discipline of social psychiatry which concentrated on the roles of interpersonal interaction, family, community and culture in the emergence and amelioration of emotional disturbance. Did it work? There's my father and my mother. And people talk about the transmission of trauma through generations. [39], Social and intrapsychic behaviour analysis, Cameron and Freud: civilization and discontents. Advancing Voluntary, Informed Consent to Medical Intervention, Cameron was an internationally prominent psychiatrist who developed torture techniques on his involuntary hospitalized patients mostly women. And in that he took some risks, obviously. Ben: Sure. Duncan: He probably did, but I dont think I could remember the specifics of it. Thank you! In some cases, applicants couldn't prove the conditions they currently lived with were a direct result of what they went through at Allan, and in others, they were treated outside of the time frame. Stephen Bennett: If I put one of you, either Ben or Amory, into prison for two, three years, you should be okay because you can have time and space. Duncan: I have no recollection whether there were any papers relating to any of the--. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allen, a small town in Scotland, on December 24, 1901. She had no idea how to boil water, much less care for a child. What started as short-term depression before the Allan, morphed into chronic depression, as well as diagnosed schizophrenia and bipolar disorder afterwards. A notoriously tough climb, he did it with his son James, and when he got to the top, he had a heart attack and died almost instantly. Cameron followed these schools in demanding that mental disturbances are diseases and somatic in nature; all psychological illness would therefore be hardwired, a product of the body and the direct result of a patient's biological structure rather than caused by social environments. Ben: Robert Cleghorn, a former member of Camerons staff, took over after Cameron stepped down. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association , Canadian Psychiatric Association ,[2] American Psychopathological Association . Sounds questionable? He spoke about Germans, but also to the larger portion of the society that resembled or associated with such traits. Kinzer: Later on, it became the basis for manuals that the CIA provided in the 1980s to police forces in Latin America that were known to practice torture. He is largely known today for his central role in unethical medical experiments, and development of psychological and medical torture techniques for the CIA. Click here for the donation page. Amory: Marians mom died three ago. Toby Ziegler:In the '50s, it was the CIA mind control research program begun in response to the Chinese attempt on U.S. prisoners. Ben: But there is reason to believe that these documents arent just missing. And he always had a little book of science fiction by the bedside. While he didn't name names or give specifics, he did say that papers "related to patients were destroyed.". Ontario. That would have been the cultural environment in which people like Sidney Gottlieb grew up. 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